diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
index 99c4c1c76f..9a30ae0520 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { ComponentProps } from './types';
 
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { useAccounts } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
 import { HelpOverlay, Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@ export default function AccountsApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): React
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { hasAccounts } = useAccounts();
   const [hidden, setHidden] = useState<string[]>(['vanity']);
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('My accounts')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'vanity',
+      text: t('Vanity address')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
     setHidden(
@@ -42,17 +53,7 @@ export default function AccountsApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): React
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
           hidden={hidden}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('My accounts')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'vanity',
-              text: t('Vanity address')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/modals/Create.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/modals/Create.tsx
index c83c2466bc..09500c1bc7 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/modals/Create.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/modals/Create.tsx
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { KeypairType } from '@polkadot/util-crypto/types';
 import { ModalProps } from '../types';
 
 import FileSaver from 'file-saver';
-import React, { useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import styled from 'styled-components';
 import { DEV_PHRASE } from '@polkadot/keyring/defaults';
 import { AddressRow, Button, Dropdown, Input, InputAddress, Modal, Password } from '@polkadot/react-components';
@@ -164,6 +164,14 @@ function Create ({ className, onClose, onStatusChange, seed: propsSeed, type: pr
   const [{ isNameValid, name }, setName] = useState({ isNameValid: false, name: '' });
   const [{ isPassValid, password }, setPassword] = useState({ isPassValid: false, password: '' });
   const isValid = !!address && !deriveError && isNameValid && isPassValid && isSeedValid;
+  const seedOpt = useMemo(() => (
+    isDevelopment
+      ? [{ value: 'dev', text: t('Development') }]
+      : []
+  ).concat(
+    { value: 'bip', text: t('Mnemonic') },
+    { value: 'raw', text: t('Raw seed') }
+  ), [isDevelopment, t]);
 
   const _onChangePass = (password: string): void =>
     setPassword({ isPassValid: keyring.isPassValid(password), password });
@@ -245,16 +253,7 @@ function Create ({ className, onClose, onStatusChange, seed: propsSeed, type: pr
               isButton
               defaultValue={seedType}
               onChange={_selectSeedType}
-              options={
-                (
-                  isDevelopment
-                    ? [{ value: 'dev', text: t('Development') }]
-                    : []
-                ).concat(
-                  { value: 'bip', text: t('Mnemonic') },
-                  { value: 'raw', text: t('Raw seed') }
-                )
-              }
+              options={seedOpt}
             />
           </Input>
           <Password
diff --git a/packages/app-address-book/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-address-book/src/index.tsx
index 495e456c71..568aa89017 100644
--- a/packages/app-address-book/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-address-book/src/index.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { AppProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { SubjectInfo } from '@polkadot/ui-keyring/observable/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { HelpOverlay } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import Tabs from '@polkadot/react-components/Tabs';
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ interface Props extends AppProps {
 
 export default function AddressBookApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('My contacts')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className='address-book--App'>
@@ -28,13 +35,7 @@ export default function AddressBookApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): Re
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('My contacts')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-council/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-council/src/index.tsx
index 6037da4f0c..bb52af314d 100644
--- a/packages/app-council/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-council/src/index.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { DerivedCollectiveProposals } from '@polkadot/api-derive/types';
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
 import styled from 'styled-components';
@@ -27,27 +27,28 @@ function CouncilApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
   const { pathname } = useLocation();
   const numMotions = useCounter();
   const motions = useCall<DerivedCollectiveProposals>(api.derive.council.proposals, []);
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Council overview')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'candidates',
+      text: t('Candidates')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'motions',
+      text: t('Motions ({{count}})', { replace: { count: numMotions } })
+    }
+  ], [numMotions, t]);
 
   return (
     <main className={className}>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Council overview')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'candidates',
-              text: t('Candidates')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'motions',
-              text: t('Motions ({{count}})', { replace: { count: numMotions } })
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Overview/Voting.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Overview/Voting.tsx
index 298305fa82..ee6bb2975a 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Overview/Voting.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Overview/Voting.tsx
@@ -11,11 +11,6 @@ import { isBoolean } from '@polkadot/util';
 
 import { useTranslation } from '../translate';
 
-interface Option {
-  text: string;
-  value: number;
-}
-
 interface Props {
   proposal?: Proposal;
   referendumId: PropIndex;
@@ -28,17 +23,15 @@ export default function Voting ({ proposal, referendumId }: Props): React.ReactE
   const [conviction, setConviction] = useState(0);
   const [isVotingOpen, toggleVoting] = useToggle();
   const [aye, setVoteValue] = useState(true);
-  const convictionOpts = useMemo((): Option[] => {
-    return [
-      { text: t('0.1x of voting balance, no lockup period'), value: 0 },
-      { text: t('1x of voting balance, locked for 1x enactment'), value: 1 },
-      { text: t('2x of voting balance, locked for 2x enactment'), value: 2 },
-      { text: t('3x of voting balance, locked for 4x enactment'), value: 3 },
-      { text: t('4x of voting balance, locked for 8x enactment'), value: 4 },
-      { text: t('5x of voting balance, locked for 16x enactment'), value: 5 },
-      { text: t('6x of voting balance, locked for 32x enactment'), value: 6 }
-    ];
-  }, [t]);
+  const convictionOpts = useMemo(() => [
+    { text: t('0.1x of voting balance, no lockup period'), value: 0 },
+    { text: t('1x of voting balance, locked for 1x enactment'), value: 1 },
+    { text: t('2x of voting balance, locked for 2x enactment'), value: 2 },
+    { text: t('3x of voting balance, locked for 4x enactment'), value: 3 },
+    { text: t('4x of voting balance, locked for 8x enactment'), value: 4 },
+    { text: t('5x of voting balance, locked for 16x enactment'), value: 5 },
+    { text: t('6x of voting balance, locked for 32x enactment'), value: 6 }
+  ], [t]);
 
   if (!hasAccounts) {
     return null;
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/index.tsx
index b2c9b3b202..ce5cdee467 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { HelpOverlay, Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import uiSettings from '@polkadot/ui-settings';
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ const hidden = uiSettings.uiMode === 'full'
 
 export default function DemocracyApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Democracy overview')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className='democracy--App'>
@@ -31,13 +38,7 @@ export default function DemocracyApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<P
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
           hidden={hidden}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Democracy overview')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/index.tsx
index abfb7a57ea..c634027f61 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/index.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { KeyedEvent } from './types';
 
-import React, { useContext } from 'react';
+import React, { useContext, useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 // import styled from 'styled-components';
 import Tabs from '@polkadot/react-components/Tabs';
@@ -28,6 +28,26 @@ function ExplorerApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
   const { api } = useApi();
   const { lastHeaders } = useContext(BlockAuthorsContext);
   const events = useContext(EventsContext);
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'chain',
+      text: t('Chain info')
+    },
+    {
+      hasParams: true,
+      name: 'query',
+      text: t('Block details')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'forks',
+      text: t('Forks')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'node',
+      text: t('Node info')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className={className}>
@@ -39,26 +59,7 @@ function ExplorerApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
               ? api.query.babe ? [] : ['forks']
               : ['node', 'forks']
           }
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'chain',
-              text: t('Chain info')
-            },
-            {
-              hasParams: true,
-              name: 'query',
-              text: t('Block details')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'forks',
-              text: t('Forks')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'node',
-              text: t('Node info')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
index c4a2351e94..328b10a07c 100644
--- a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
@@ -2,27 +2,28 @@
 // This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 // of the Apache-2.0 license. See the LICENSE file for details.
 
-import { AppProps, I18nProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
+import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 
 import Selection from './Selection';
-import translate from './translate';
+import { useTranslation } from './translate';
 
-interface Props extends AppProps, I18nProps {}
+export default function ExtrinsicsApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [{
+    isRoot: true,
+    name: 'create',
+    text: t('Extrinsic submission')
+  }], [t]);
 
-function ExtrinsicsApp ({ basePath, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   return (
     <main className='extrinsics--App'>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[{
-            isRoot: true,
-            name: 'create',
-            text: t('Extrinsic submission')
-          }]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Selection />
@@ -31,5 +32,3 @@ function ExtrinsicsApp ({ basePath, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
 }
 
 export { ExtrinsicsApp };
-
-export default translate(ExtrinsicsApp);
diff --git a/packages/app-generic-asset/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-generic-asset/src/index.tsx
index e111921059..61ada78e1f 100644
--- a/packages/app-generic-asset/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-generic-asset/src/index.tsx
@@ -2,36 +2,39 @@
 // This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 // of the Apache-2.0 license. See the LICENSE file for details.
 
-import { AppProps, BareProps, I18nProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
+import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 
 import Transfer from './Transfer';
 import Assets from './Assets';
 
-import translate from './translate';
+import { useTranslation } from './translate';
 
-interface Props extends AppProps, BareProps, I18nProps {}
+interface Props extends AppProps, BareProps {}
+
+export default function AssetApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'assets',
+      text: t('Assets')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'transfer',
+      text: t('Transfer')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
-function AssetApp ({ basePath, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   return (
     <main className='treasury--App'>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'assets',
-              text: t('Assets')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'transfer',
-              text: t('Transfer')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
@@ -41,5 +44,3 @@ function AssetApp ({ basePath, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
     </main>
   );
 }
-
-export default translate(AssetApp);
diff --git a/packages/app-parachains/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-parachains/src/index.tsx
index 1d2115801c..48eae7d107 100644
--- a/packages/app-parachains/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-parachains/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 
@@ -15,19 +15,20 @@ interface Props extends AppProps, BareProps {}
 
 export default function ParachainsApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Parachains overview')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Parachains overview')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
index aeb2c52aa1..033828fd7e 100644
--- a/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 
 import { HelpOverlay, Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ const hidden = uiSettings.uiMode === 'full'
 
 export default function SettingsApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'general',
+      text: t('General')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'developer',
+      text: t('Developer')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className='settings--App'>
@@ -29,17 +40,7 @@ export default function SettingsApp ({ basePath, onStatusChange }: Props): React
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
           hidden={hidden}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'general',
-              text: t('General')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'developer',
-              text: t('Developer')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-society/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-society/src/index.tsx
index fa14442f4c..320e90510c 100644
--- a/packages/app-society/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-society/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 
@@ -15,19 +15,20 @@ interface Props extends AppProps, BareProps {}
 
 export default function SocietyApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Society overview')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className={className}>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Society overview')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/Actions/Account/InjectKeys.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/Actions/Account/InjectKeys.tsx
index 3d01ea75d7..b2a637091c 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/Actions/Account/InjectKeys.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/Actions/Account/InjectKeys.tsx
@@ -2,18 +2,17 @@
 // This software may be modified and distributed under the terms
 // of the Apache-2.0 license. See the LICENSE file for details.
 
-import { I18nProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { KeypairType } from '@polkadot/util-crypto/types';
 
-import React, { useContext, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useContext, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Button, Dropdown, Icon, Input, Modal, StatusContext } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import keyring from '@polkadot/ui-keyring';
 import { assert, u8aToHex } from '@polkadot/util';
 import { keyExtractSuri, mnemonicValidate } from '@polkadot/util-crypto';
 
-import translate from '../../translate';
+import { useTranslation } from '../../translate';
 
-interface Props extends I18nProps {
+interface Props {
   isOpen?: boolean;
   onClose: () => void;
 }
@@ -28,17 +27,25 @@ const CRYPTO_MAP: Record<string, KeypairType[]> = {
 
 const EMPTY_KEY = '0x';
 
-function InjectKeys ({ isOpen = true, onClose, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> | null {
+export default function InjectKeys ({ isOpen = true, onClose }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> | null {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { queueRpc } = useContext(StatusContext);
   // this needs to align with what is set as the first value in `type`
   const [crypto, setCrypto] = useState<KeypairType>('sr25519');
   const [publicKey, setPublicKey] = useState(EMPTY_KEY);
   const [suri, setSuri] = useState('');
-  const [type, setType] = useState('babe');
+  const [keyType, setKeyType] = useState('babe');
+  const keyTypeOpt = useMemo(() => [
+    { text: t('Aura'), value: 'aura' },
+    { text: t('Babe'), value: 'babe' },
+    { text: t('Grandpa'), value: 'gran' },
+    { text: t('I\'m Online'), value: 'imon' },
+    { text: t('Parachains'), value: 'para' }
+  ], [t]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
-    setCrypto(CRYPTO_MAP[type][0]);
-  }, [type]);
+    setCrypto(CRYPTO_MAP[keyType][0]);
+  }, [keyType]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
     try {
@@ -56,13 +63,12 @@ function InjectKeys ({ isOpen = true, onClose, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<P
     return null;
   }
 
-  const _onSubmit = (): void => {
+  const _onSubmit = (): void =>
     queueRpc({
       rpc: { section: 'author', method: 'insertKey' } as any,
-      values: [type, suri, publicKey]
+      values: [keyType, suri, publicKey]
     });
-  };
-  const _cryptoOptions = CRYPTO_MAP[type].map((value): { text: string; value: KeypairType } => ({
+  const _cryptoOptions = CRYPTO_MAP[keyType].map((value): { text: string; value: KeypairType } => ({
     text: value === 'ed25519'
       ? t('ed25519, Edwards')
       : t('sr15519, Schnorrkel'),
@@ -83,15 +89,9 @@ function InjectKeys ({ isOpen = true, onClose, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<P
         />
         <Dropdown
           label={t('key type to set')}
-          onChange={setType}
-          options={[
-            { text: t('Aura'), value: 'aura' },
-            { text: t('Babe'), value: 'babe' },
-            { text: t('Grandpa'), value: 'gran' },
-            { text: t('I\'m Online'), value: 'imon' },
-            { text: t('Parachains'), value: 'para' }
-          ]}
-          value={type}
+          onChange={setKeyType}
+          options={keyTypeOpt}
+          value={keyType}
         />
         <Dropdown
           isDisabled={_cryptoOptions.length === 1}
@@ -120,5 +120,3 @@ function InjectKeys ({ isOpen = true, onClose, t }: Props): React.ReactElement<P
     </Modal>
   );
 }
-
-export default translate(InjectKeys);
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
index bb3c852aa0..b440c25d6a 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import { DerivedHeartbeats, DerivedStakingOverview } from '@polkadot/api-derive/
 import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { AccountId } from '@polkadot/types/interfaces';
 
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
 import styled from 'styled-components';
-import { Option } from '@polkadot/types';
 import { HelpOverlay } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import Tabs from '@polkadot/react-components/Tabs';
 import { useCall, useAccounts, useApi } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
@@ -25,43 +24,51 @@ import { MAX_SESSIONS } from './constants';
 import { useTranslation } from './translate';
 import useSessionRewards from './useSessionRewards';
 
-const EMPY_ACCOUNTS: string[] = [];
-const EMPTY_ALL: [string[], string[]] = [EMPY_ACCOUNTS, EMPY_ACCOUNTS];
-
-function transformStakingControllers ([stashes, controllers]: [AccountId[], Option<AccountId>[]]): [string[], string[]] {
-  return [
-    stashes.map((accountId): string => accountId.toString()),
-    controllers
-      .filter((optId): boolean => optId.isSome)
-      .map((accountId): string => accountId.unwrap().toString())
-  ];
-}
-
 function StakingApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
-  const { api, isSubstrateV2 } = useApi();
+  const { api } = useApi();
   const { hasAccounts } = useAccounts();
   const { pathname } = useLocation();
   const [next, setNext] = useState<string[]>([]);
-  const [allStashes, allControllers] = (useCall<[string[], string[]]>(api.derive.staking.controllers, [], {
-    defaultValue: EMPTY_ALL,
-    transform: transformStakingControllers
-  }) as [string[], string[]]);
+  const allStashes = useCall<string[]>(api.derive.staking.controllers, [], {
+    defaultValue: [],
+    transform: ([stashes]: [AccountId[]]): string[] =>
+      stashes.map((accountId): string => accountId.toString())
+  }) as string[];
   const recentlyOnline = useCall<DerivedHeartbeats>(api.derive.imOnline.receivedHeartbeats, []);
   const stakingOverview = useCall<DerivedStakingOverview>(api.derive.staking.overview, []);
   const sessionRewards = useSessionRewards(MAX_SESSIONS);
   const hasQueries = hasAccounts && !!(api.query.imOnline?.authoredBlocks);
-  const validators = stakingOverview?.validators;
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Staking overview')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'waiting',
+      text: t('Waiting')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'returns',
+      text: t('Returns')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'actions',
+      text: t('Account actions')
+    },
+    {
+      hasParams: true,
+      name: 'query',
+      text: t('Validator stats')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
-    validators && setNext(
-      isSubstrateV2
-        // this is a V2 node currentValidators is a list of stashes
-        ? allStashes.filter((address): boolean => !validators.includes(address as any))
-        // this is a V1 node currentValidators is a list of controllers
-        : allControllers.filter((address): boolean => !validators.includes(address as any))
+    stakingOverview && setNext(
+      allStashes.filter((address): boolean => !stakingOverview.validators.includes(address as any))
     );
-  }, [allControllers, allStashes, validators]);
+  }, [allStashes, stakingOverview?.validators]);
 
   return (
     <main className={`staking--App ${className}`}>
@@ -76,30 +83,7 @@ function StakingApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
                 : ['query']
               : ['actions', 'query']
           }
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Staking overview')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'waiting',
-              text: t('Waiting')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'returns',
-              text: t('Returns')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'actions',
-              text: t('Account actions')
-            },
-            {
-              hasParams: true,
-              name: 'query',
-              text: t('Validator stats')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Summary
diff --git a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
index d77da5b8ed..b1ea0deeab 100644
--- a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
@@ -4,10 +4,9 @@
 
 import { ComponentProps, QueryTypes, ParitalQueryTypes } from '../types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
-import { useApi } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
 
 import Consts from './Consts';
 import Modules from './Modules';
@@ -23,7 +22,22 @@ let id = -1;
 
 export default function Selection ({ basePath, onAdd }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
-  const { isSubstrateV2 } = useApi();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'modules',
+      text: t('Storage')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'constants',
+      text: t('Constants')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'raw',
+      text: t('Raw storage')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
+
   const _onAdd = (query: ParitalQueryTypes): void => onAdd({ ...query, id: ++id });
   const _renderComponent = (Component: React.ComponentType<ComponentProps>): () => React.ReactNode =>
     // eslint-disable-next-line react/display-name
@@ -34,26 +48,7 @@ export default function Selection ({ basePath, onAdd }: Props): React.ReactEleme
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          hidden={
-            isSubstrateV2
-              ? []
-              : ['constants']
-          }
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'modules',
-              text: t('Storage')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'constants',
-              text: t('Constants')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'raw',
-              text: t('Raw storage')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-sudo/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-sudo/src/index.tsx
index d3cbcb789c..e00692f126 100644
--- a/packages/app-sudo/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-sudo/src/index.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 import { ComponentProps } from './types';
 
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { Icon, Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import { useCall, useAccounts, useApi } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
@@ -22,6 +22,17 @@ export default function SudoApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
   const sudoKey = useCall<string>(api.query.sudo.key, [], { transform: (k): string => k.toString() });
   const { allAccounts } = useAccounts();
   const [isMine, setIsMine] = useState(false);
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'index',
+      text: t('Sudo access')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'key',
+      text: t('Set sudo key')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
     setIsMine(!!sudoKey && allAccounts.some((key): boolean => key === sudoKey));
@@ -45,17 +56,7 @@ export default function SudoApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'index',
-              text: t('Sudo access')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'key',
-              text: t('Set sudo key')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       {isMine
diff --git a/packages/app-tech-comm/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-tech-comm/src/index.tsx
index 1109f03d74..4dd4d1f263 100644
--- a/packages/app-tech-comm/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-tech-comm/src/index.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { AccountId, Hash } from '@polkadot/types/interfaces';
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { useApi, useCall } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
 import { Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
@@ -23,23 +23,24 @@ export default function TechCommApp ({ basePath, className }: Props): React.Reac
   const { api } = useApi();
   const members = useCall<AccountId[]>(api.query.technicalCommittee.members, []);
   const proposals = useCall<Hash[]>(api.query.technicalCommittee.proposals, []);
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Tech. committee')
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'proposals',
+      text: t('Proposals ({{count}})', { replace: { count: proposals?.length || 0 } })
+    }
+  ], [proposals, t]);
 
   return (
     <main className={className}>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Tech. committee')
-            },
-            {
-              name: 'proposals',
-              text: t('Proposals ({{count}})', { replace: { count: (proposals && proposals.length) || 0 } })
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
index 89bfa73b7a..f8ee676cfd 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps as Props } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import Tabs from '@polkadot/react-components/Tabs';
 import { useAccounts } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { useTranslation } from './translate';
 export default function ToolboxApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { hasAccounts } = useAccounts();
-  const tabs = [
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
     {
       isRoot: true,
       name: 'rpc',
@@ -36,17 +36,19 @@ export default function ToolboxApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Pro
       name: 'verify',
       text: t('Verify signature')
     }
-  ];
-  const filteredTabs = hasAccounts
-    ? tabs
-    : tabs.filter(({ name }): boolean => !['sign', 'verify'].includes(name));
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className='toolbox--App'>
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={filteredTabs}
+          hidden={
+            hasAccounts
+              ? []
+              : ['sign', 'verify']
+          }
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Approve.tsx b/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Approve.tsx
index cd17c4fbc3..4272af75a2 100644
--- a/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Approve.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Approve.tsx
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export default withMulti(
     ['query.elections.members', {
       propName: 'threshold',
       transform: (value: [AccountId, BlockNumber][]): number =>
-        1 + (value.length / 2)
+        Math.ceil(value.length * 0.5)
     }]
   )
 );
diff --git a/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Submission.tsx b/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Submission.tsx
index 2335c7a730..38cf4acd4f 100644
--- a/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Submission.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-treasury/src/Overview/Submission.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import { DerivedCollectiveProposal } from '@polkadot/api-derive/types';
 import { ProposalIndex } from '@polkadot/types/interfaces';
 
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Button, Dropdown, InputAddress, Modal, TxButton } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import { useApi, useCall, useToggle } from '@polkadot/react-hooks';
 
@@ -21,21 +21,25 @@ export default function Submission ({ councilProposals, id, isDisabled }: Props)
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const { api } = useApi();
   const councilThreshold = useCall<number>(api.query.electionsPhragmen?.members || api.query.elections.members, [], {
-    transform: (value: any[]): number => (value.length / 2) + 1
+    transform: (value: any[]): number =>
+      Math.ceil(value.length * 0.5)
   });
   const [isOpen, toggleOpen] = useToggle();
   const [accountId, setAccountId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [councilType, setCouncilType] = useState('reject');
   const [hasProposals, setHasProposals] = useState(true);
+  const councilTypeOpt = useMemo(() => [
+    { value: 'accept', text: t('Acceptance proposal to council') },
+    { value: 'reject', text: t('Rejection proposal to council') }
+  ], [t]);
 
   useEffect((): void => {
-    const available = councilProposals
-      .map(({ votes }): number =>
-        votes ? votes?.index.toNumber() : -1
-      )
-      .filter((index): boolean => index !== -1);
-
-    setHasProposals(!!available.length);
+    setHasProposals(
+      !!councilProposals
+        .map(({ votes }): number => votes ? votes?.index.toNumber() : -1)
+        .filter((index): boolean => index !== -1)
+        .length
+    );
   }, [councilProposals]);
 
   if (hasProposals) {
@@ -61,10 +65,7 @@ export default function Submission ({ councilProposals, id, isDisabled }: Props)
               help={t('The type of council proposal to submit.')}
               label={t('council proposal type')}
               onChange={setCouncilType}
-              options={[
-                { value: 'accept', text: t('Acceptance proposal to council') },
-                { value: 'reject', text: t('Rejection proposal to council') }
-              ]}
+              options={councilTypeOpt}
               value={councilType}
             />
           </Modal.Content>
diff --git a/packages/app-treasury/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-treasury/src/index.tsx
index c65891684c..3a528b9837 100644
--- a/packages/app-treasury/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-treasury/src/index.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import { AppProps, BareProps } from '@polkadot/react-components/types';
 
-import React from 'react';
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
 import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router';
 import { HelpOverlay, Tabs } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ interface Props extends AppProps, BareProps {}
 
 export default function TreasuryApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const items = useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      isRoot: true,
+      name: 'overview',
+      text: t('Treasury overview')
+    }
+  ], [t]);
 
   return (
     <main className='treasury--App'>
@@ -26,13 +33,7 @@ export default function TreasuryApp ({ basePath }: Props): React.ReactElement<Pr
       <header>
         <Tabs
           basePath={basePath}
-          items={[
-            {
-              isRoot: true,
-              name: 'overview',
-              text: t('Treasury overview')
-            }
-          ]}
+          items={items}
         />
       </header>
       <Switch>
diff --git a/packages/react-params/src/Param/Vote.tsx b/packages/react-params/src/Param/Vote.tsx
index 9dc8595087..beb45e510e 100644
--- a/packages/react-params/src/Param/Vote.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-params/src/Param/Vote.tsx
@@ -12,11 +12,6 @@ import { Dropdown } from '@polkadot/react-components';
 import { useTranslation } from '../translate';
 import Bare from './Bare';
 
-interface Option {
-  text: string;
-  value: number;
-}
-
 function doChange (onChange?: (value: any) => void): (_: number) => void {
   return function (value: number): void {
     onChange && onChange({
@@ -28,13 +23,13 @@ function doChange (onChange?: (value: any) => void): (_: number) => void {
 
 export default function Vote ({ className, defaultValue: { value }, isDisabled, isError, onChange, style, withLabel }: Props): React.ReactElement<Props> {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
-  const optAye = useMemo((): Option[] => {
+  const optAye = useMemo(() => {
     return [
       { text: t('Nay'), value: 0 },
       { text: t('Aye'), value: -1 }
     ];
   }, [t]);
-  const optConv = useMemo((): Option[] => {
+  const optConv = useMemo(() => {
     return [
       { text: t('None'), value: 0 },
       { text: t('Locked1x'), value: 1 },