diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Backup.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Backup.tsx
index 05e57a4662..c474d5a1ed 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Backup.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Backup.tsx
@@ -60,18 +60,14 @@ class Backup extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={onClose}
-            text={t('backup.close', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isDisabled={!isPassValid}
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.doBackup}
-            text={t('backup.download', {
-              defaultValue: 'Download'
-            })}
+            text={t('Download')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -84,9 +80,7 @@ class Backup extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('backup.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Backup account'
-        })}
+        {t('Backup account')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content
         className='app--account-Backup-content'
@@ -96,9 +90,7 @@ class Backup extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <div className='ui--row'>
           <Password
             isError={!isPassValid}
-            label={t('backup.password', {
-              defaultValue: 'unlock account using the password'
-            })}
+            label={t('unlock account using the password')}
             onChange={this.onChangePass}
             tabIndex={0}
             value={password}
@@ -126,9 +118,7 @@ class Backup extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
       status.account = pair.address();
       status.status = blob ? 'success' : 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.backup', {
-        defaultValue: 'account backed up'
-      });
+      status.message = t('account backed up');
 
       FileSaver.saveAs(blob, `${pair.address()}.json`);
     } catch (error) {
@@ -136,9 +126,7 @@ class Backup extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       console.error(error);
 
       status.status = 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.error', {
-        defaultValue: error.message
-      });
+      status.message = error.message;
       return;
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/ChangePass.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/ChangePass.tsx
index 85b514ab4d..bdec22c99f 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/ChangePass.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/ChangePass.tsx
@@ -63,18 +63,14 @@ class ChangePass extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={onClose}
-            text={t('change.close', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isDisabled={!isNewValid || !isOldValid}
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.doChange}
-            text={t('change.change', {
-              defaultValue: 'Change'
-            })}
+            text={t('Change')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -87,9 +83,7 @@ class ChangePass extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('change.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Change account password'
-        })}
+        {t('Change account password')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content key='content'>
         <AddressSummary value={account.address()} />
@@ -97,14 +91,14 @@ class ChangePass extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Password
             autoFocus
             isError={!isOldValid}
-            label={t('change.old', { defaultValue: 'old password' })}
+            label={t('old password')}
             onChange={this.onChangeOld}
             tabIndex={1}
             value={oldPass}
           />
           <Password
             isError={!isNewValid}
-            label={t('change.new', { defaultValue: 'new password' })}
+            label={t('new password')}
             onChange={this.onChangeNew}
             tabIndex={2}
             value={newPass}
@@ -131,9 +125,7 @@ class ChangePass extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     } catch (error) {
       this.setState({ isOldValid: false });
 
-      status.message = t('status.error', {
-        defaultValue: error.message
-      });
+      status.message = error.message;
 
       return;
     }
@@ -143,9 +135,7 @@ class ChangePass extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
       status.account = account.address();
       status.status = 'success';
-      status.message = t('status.change-password', {
-        defaultValue: 'password changed'
-      });
+      status.message = t('password changed');
     } catch (error) {
       this.setState({ isNewValid: false });
 
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Creator.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Creator.tsx
index 556e572644..9f92d7382a 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Creator.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Creator.tsx
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     this.state = {
       ...this.emptyState(this.props.passthrough),
       seedOptions: [
-        { value: 'bip', text: t('seedType.bip', { defaultValue: 'Mnemonic' }) },
-        { value: 'raw', text: t('seedType.raw', { defaultValue: 'Raw seed' }) }
+        { value: 'bip', text: t('Mnemonic') },
+        { value: 'raw', text: t('Raw seed') }
       ]
     };
   }
@@ -123,18 +123,14 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       <Button.Group>
         <Button
           onClick={this.onDiscard}
-          text={t('creator.discard', {
-            defaultValue: 'Reset'
-          })}
+          text={t('Reset')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isValid}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onShowWarning}
-          text={t('creator.save', {
-            defaultValue: 'Save'
-          })}
+          text={t('Save')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -151,9 +147,7 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             autoFocus
             className='full'
             isError={!isNameValid}
-            label={t('creator.name', {
-              defaultValue: 'name the account'
-            })}
+            label={t('name the account')}
             onChange={this.onChangeName}
             value={name}
           />
@@ -166,19 +160,13 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             isError={!isSeedValid}
             label={
               seedType === 'bip'
-                ? t('creator.seed.bip', {
-                  defaultValue: 'create from the following mnemonic seed'
-                })
-                : t('creator.seed.raw', {
-                  defaultValue: 'create from the following seed (hex or string)'
-                })
+                ? t('create from the following mnemonic seed')
+                : t('create from the following seed (hex or string)')
             }
             onChange={this.onChangeSeed}
             placeholder={
               isBipBusy
-                ? t('creator.seed.bipBusy', {
-                  defaultValue: 'Generating Mnemeonic seed'
-                })
+                ? t('Generating Mnemeonic seed')
                 : null
             }
             value={isBipBusy ? '' : seed}
@@ -195,9 +183,7 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Password
             className='full'
             isError={!isPassValid}
-            label={t('creator.password', {
-              defaultValue: 'encrypt it using the password'
-            })}
+            label={t('encrypt it using the password')}
             onChange={this.onChangePass}
             value={password}
           />
@@ -224,17 +210,13 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={this.onHideWarning}
-            text={t('seedWarning.cancel', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.onCommit}
-            text={t('seedWarning.continue', {
-              defaultValue: 'Create and backup account'
-            })}
+            text={t('Create and backup account')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -247,18 +229,12 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('seedWarning.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Important notice!'
-        })}
+        {t('sImportant notice!')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content key='content'>
-        {t('seedWarning.content', {
-          defaultValue: 'We will provide you with a generated backup file after your account is created. As long as you have access to your account you can always redownload this file later.'
-        })}
+        {t('We will provide you with a generated backup file after your account is created. As long as you have access to your account you can always redownload this file later.')}
         <Modal.Description>
-          {t('seedWarning.description', {
-            defaultValue: 'Please make sure to save this file in a secure location as it is the only way to restore your account.'
-          })}
+          {t('Please make sure to save this file in a secure location as it is the only way to restore your account.')}
         </Modal.Description>
         <AddressSummary
           className='accounts--Modal-Address'
@@ -379,14 +355,12 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
       status.account = pair.address();
       status.status = pair ? 'success' : 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.created', {
-        defaultValue: `created account`
-      });
+      status.message = t('created account');
 
       InputAddress.setLastValue('account', pair.address());
-    } catch (err) {
+    } catch (error) {
       status.status = 'error';
-      status.message = err.message;
+      status.message = error.message;
     }
 
     this.onHideWarning();
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Editor.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Editor.tsx
index 87b974a8f5..8ef7fec742 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Editor.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Editor.tsx
@@ -62,42 +62,32 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isNegative
           onClick={this.toggleForget}
-          text={t('editor.forget', {
-            defaultValue: 'Forget'
-          })}
+          text={t('Forget')}
         />
         <Button.Group.Divider />
         <Button
           isDisabled={isEdited}
           onClick={this.toggleBackup}
-          text={t('editor.backup', {
-            defaultValue: 'Backup'
-          })}
+          text={t('Backup')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={isEdited}
           onClick={this.togglePass}
-          text={t('editor.changePass', {
-            defaultValue: 'Change Password'
-          })}
+          text={t('Change Password')}
         />
         <Button.Group.Divider />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isEdited}
           onClick={this.onDiscard}
-          text={t('editor.reset', {
-            defaultValue: 'Reset'
-          })}
+          text={t('Reset')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isEdited}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onCommit}
-          text={t('editor.save', {
-            defaultValue: 'Save'
-          })}
+          text={t('Save')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -123,9 +113,7 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
               className='full'
               hideAddress
               isInput={false}
-              label={t('editor.select', {
-                defaultValue: 'using my account'
-              })}
+              label={t('using my account')}
               onChange={this.onChangeAccount}
               type='account'
               value={address}
@@ -135,9 +123,7 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             <Input
               className='full'
               isEditable
-              label={t('editor.name', {
-                defaultValue: 'identified by the name'
-              })}
+              label={t('identified by the name')}
               onChange={this.onChangeName}
               value={editedName}
             />
@@ -270,9 +256,7 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       });
 
       status.status = current.getMeta().name === editedName ? 'success' : 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.editted', {
-        defaultValue: 'name edited'
-      });
+      status.message = t('name edited');
     } catch (error) {
       status.status = 'error';
       status.message = error.message;
@@ -349,12 +333,10 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             current.address()
           );
           status.status = 'success';
-          status.message = t('status.forgotten', {
-            defaultValue: 'account forgotten'
-          });
-        } catch (err) {
+          status.message = t('account forgotten');
+        } catch (error) {
           status.status = 'error';
-          status.message = err.message;
+          status.message = error.message;
         }
 
         onStatusChange(status);
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Forgetting.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Forgetting.tsx
index 4efb3d7d63..491fa997ed 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Forgetting.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Forgetting.tsx
@@ -39,17 +39,13 @@ class Forgetting extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={onClose}
-            text={t('forget.close', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={doForget}
-            text={t('forget.forget', {
-              defaultValue: 'Forget'
-            })}
+            text={t('Forget')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -61,9 +57,7 @@ class Forgetting extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('forget.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Confirm account removal'
-        })}
+        {t('Confirm account removal')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content key='content'>
         <AddressSummary value={address} />
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Restore.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Restore.tsx
index 243d0ed846..57ac96080b 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Restore.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Restore.tsx
@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@ class Restore extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           isDisabled={!isFileValid || !isPassValid}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onSave}
-          text={t('restore.save', {
-            defaultValue: 'Restore'
-          })}
+          text={t('Restore')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
       </div>
@@ -74,35 +72,30 @@ class Restore extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
   private renderInput () {
     const { t } = this.props;
     const { isFileValid, isPassValid, password } = this.state;
-
     const acceptedFormats = ['application/json', 'text/plain'].join(', ');
 
     return (
       <div className='grow'>
-        <div className='ui--row'>
-          <Password
-            autoFocus
-            className='full'
-            isError={!isPassValid}
-            label={t('restore.password', {
-              defaultValue: 'decrypt keyfile using the password'
-            })}
-            onChange={this.onChangePass}
-            value={password}
-          />
-        </div>
         <div className='ui--row'>
           <InputFile
             accept={acceptedFormats}
             className='full'
             isError={!isFileValid}
-            label={t('restore.json', {
-              defaultValue: 'previously backed-up json keyfile'
-            })}
+            label={t('previously backed-up json keyfile')}
             onChange={this.onChangeFile}
             withLabel
           />
         </div>
+        <div className='ui--row'>
+          <Password
+            autoFocus
+            className='full'
+            isError={!isPassValid}
+            label={t('decrypt keyfile using the password')}
+            onChange={this.onChangePass}
+            value={password}
+          />
+        </div>
       </div>
     );
   }
@@ -152,9 +145,7 @@ class Restore extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
       status.status = pair ? 'success' : 'error';
       status.account = pair.address();
-      status.message = t('status.restored', {
-        defaultValue: 'account restored'
-      });
+      status.message = t('account restored');
 
       InputAddress.setLastValue('account', pair.address());
       onRestoreAccount();
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/Vanity/index.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/Vanity/index.tsx
index 4ffcfa871d..18283a2690 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/Vanity/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/Vanity/index.tsx
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ class VanityApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           onClick={this.toggleStart}
           text={
             isRunning
-              ? t('vanity.stop', { defaultValue: 'Stop generation' })
-              : t('vanity.start', { defaultValue: 'Start generation' })
+              ? t('Stop generation')
+              : t('Start generation')
           }
         />
       </Button.Group>
@@ -118,30 +118,22 @@ class VanityApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           className='medium'
           isDisabled={isRunning}
           isError={!isMatchValid}
-          label={t('vanity.matching', {
-            defaultValue: 'generate address containing (? wildcard)'
-          })}
+          label={t('generate address containing (? wildcard)')}
           onChange={this.onChangeMatch}
           value={match}
         />
         <Dropdown
           className='small'
           isDisabled={isRunning}
-          label={t('vanity.case', {
-            defaultValue: 'case sensitive match'
-          })}
+          label={t('case sensitive match')}
           options={BOOL_OPTIONS}
           onChange={this.onChangeCase}
           value={withCase}
         />
         <Static
           className='small'
-          label={t('vanity.offset', {
-            defaultValue: 'exact offset'
-          })}
-          value={t('vanity.offset.off', {
-            defaultValue: 'No'
-          })}
+          label={t('exact offset')}
+          value={t('No')}
         />
       </div>
     );
@@ -159,8 +151,7 @@ class VanityApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return (
       <div className='vanity--App-stats'>
-        {t('vanity.stats', {
-          defaultValue: 'Evaluated {{count}} keys in {{elapsed}}s ({{avg}} keys/s)',
+        {t('Evaluated {{count}} keys in {{elapsed}}s ({{avg}} keys/s)', {
           replace: {
             avg: (keyCount / secs).toFixed(3),
             count: keyCount,
diff --git a/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
index 790467faac..576df0497a 100644
--- a/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-accounts/src/index.tsx
@@ -55,19 +55,19 @@ class AccountsApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       items: [
         {
           name: 'edit',
-          text: t('app.edit', { defaultValue: 'Edit account' })
+          text: t('Edit account')
         },
         {
           name: 'create',
-          text: t('app.create', { defaultValue: 'Create account' })
+          text: t('Create account')
         },
         {
           name: 'restore',
-          text: t('app.restore', { defaultValue: 'Restore account' })
+          text: t('Restore account')
         },
         {
           name: 'vanity',
-          text: t('app.vanity', { defaultValue: 'Vanity address' })
+          text: t('Vanity address')
         }
       ]
     };
diff --git a/packages/app-addresses/src/Creator.tsx b/packages/app-addresses/src/Creator.tsx
index 8c888f582f..eca4f108ef 100644
--- a/packages/app-addresses/src/Creator.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-addresses/src/Creator.tsx
@@ -61,18 +61,14 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       <Button.Group>
         <Button
           onClick={this.onDiscard}
-          text={t('creator.discard', {
-            defaultValue: 'Reset'
-          })}
+          text={t('Reset')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isValid}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onCommit}
-          text={t('creator.save', {
-            defaultValue: 'Save'
-          })}
+          text={t('Save')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -89,9 +85,7 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             autoFocus
             className='full'
             isError={!isAddressValid}
-            label={t('creator.address', {
-              defaultValue: 'add the following address'
-            })}
+            label={t('add the following address')}
             onChange={this.onChangeAddress}
             value={address}
           />
@@ -100,9 +94,7 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Input
             className='full'
             isError={!isNameValid}
-            label={t('creator.name', {
-              defaultValue: 'name the entry'
-            })}
+            label={t('name the entry')}
             onChange={this.onChangeName}
             value={name}
           />
@@ -189,19 +181,13 @@ class Creator extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       status.account = address;
       status.status = address ? 'success' : 'error';
       status.message = isAddressExisting
-        ? t('status.edited', {
-          defaultValue: 'address edited'
-        })
-        : t('status.created', {
-          defaultValue: 'address created'
-        });
+        ? t('address edited')
+        : t('address created');
 
       InputAddress.setLastValue('address', address);
-    } catch (err) {
+    } catch (error) {
       status.status = 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.error', {
-        defaultValue: err.message
-      });
+      status.message = error.message;
     }
 
     onCreateAddress();
diff --git a/packages/app-addresses/src/Editor.tsx b/packages/app-addresses/src/Editor.tsx
index f4c8089fea..86ad8b802c 100644
--- a/packages/app-addresses/src/Editor.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-addresses/src/Editor.tsx
@@ -62,26 +62,20 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isNegative
           onClick={this.toggleForget}
-          text={t('editor.forget', {
-            defaultValue: 'Forget'
-          })}
+          text={t('Forget')}
         />
         <Button.Group.Divider />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isEdited}
           onClick={this.onDiscard}
-          text={t('editor.reset', {
-            defaultValue: 'Reset'
-          })}
+          text={t('Reset')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!isEdited}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onCommit}
-          text={t('editor.save', {
-            defaultValue: 'Save'
-          })}
+          text={t('Save')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -107,9 +101,7 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
               className='full'
               hideAddress
               isInput={false}
-              label={t('editor.select', {
-                defaultValue: 'edit the selected address'
-              })}
+              label={t('edit the selected address')}
               onChange={this.onChangeAddress}
               type='address'
               value={address}
@@ -118,9 +110,7 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <div className='ui--row'>
             <Input
               className='full'
-              label={t('editor.name', {
-                defaultValue: 'identified by the name'
-              })}
+              label={t('identified by the name')}
               onChange={this.onChangeName}
               value={editedName}
             />
@@ -203,14 +193,10 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       });
 
       status.status = current.getMeta().name === editedName ? 'success' : 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.editted', {
-        defaultValue: 'name edited'
-      });
-    } catch (e) {
+      status.message = t('name edited');
+    } catch (error) {
       status.status = 'error';
-      status.message = t('status.error', {
-        defaultValue: e.message
-      });
+      status.message = error.message;
     }
 
     onStatusChange(status);
@@ -257,14 +243,10 @@ class Editor extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             current.address()
           );
           status.status = 'success';
-          status.message = t('status.forgotten', {
-            defaultValue: 'address forgotten'
-          });
-        } catch (err) {
+          status.message = t('address forgotten');
+        } catch (error) {
           status.status = 'error';
-          status.message = t('status.error', {
-            defaultValue: err.message
-          });
+          status.message = error.message;
         }
 
         onStatusChange(status);
diff --git a/packages/app-addresses/src/Forgetting.tsx b/packages/app-addresses/src/Forgetting.tsx
index 45f638fdce..eb0c7803b8 100644
--- a/packages/app-addresses/src/Forgetting.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-addresses/src/Forgetting.tsx
@@ -51,17 +51,13 @@ class Forgetting extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={onClose}
-            text={t('forget.close', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={doForget}
-            text={t('forget.forget', {
-              defaultValue: 'Forget'
-            })}
+            text={t('Forget')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -77,9 +73,7 @@ class Forgetting extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('forget.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Confirm address removal'
-        })}
+        {t('Confirm address removal')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content className='forgetting-Address' key='content'>
         <AddressSummary
diff --git a/packages/app-addresses/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-addresses/src/index.tsx
index 3e6b90d8c2..102c68ca10 100644
--- a/packages/app-addresses/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-addresses/src/index.tsx
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ class AddressesApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       items: [
         {
           name: 'edit',
-          text: t('app.edit', { defaultValue: 'Edit address' })
+          text: t('Edit address')
         },
         {
           name: 'create',
-          text: t('app.create', { defaultValue: 'Add address' })
+          text: t('Add address')
         }
       ]
     };
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposal.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposal.tsx
index 4913a53de6..311bc88585 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposal.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposal.tsx
@@ -46,11 +46,7 @@ class ProposalDisplay extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <div className='democracy--Proposal-info'>
-        <Labelled
-          label={t('proposal.depositsAddresses', {
-            defaultValue: 'depositors'
-          })}
-        >
+        <Labelled label={t('depositors')}>
           <div>
             {addresses.map((address) => (
               <AddressMini
@@ -61,11 +57,7 @@ class ProposalDisplay extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
             ))}
           </div>
         </Labelled>
-        <Static
-          label={t('proposal.depositsBalanceLabel', {
-            defaultValue: 'balance'
-          })}
-        >
+        <Static label={t('balance')}>
           {balanceFormat(balance)}
         </Static>
       </div>
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposals.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposals.tsx
index 7a1060b272..30e4ef189c 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposals.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Proposals.tsx
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ class Proposals extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <section className='democracy--Proposals'>
-        <h1>{t('proposals.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'proposals'
-        })}</h1>
+        <h1>{t('proposals')}</h1>
         {this.renderProposals()}
       </section>
     );
@@ -35,9 +33,7 @@ class Proposals extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     if (!democracy_publicProps || !democracy_publicProps.length) {
       return (
         <div className='ui disabled'>
-          {t('proposals.none', {
-            defaultValue: 'no available proposals'
-          })}
+          {t('no available proposals')}
         </div>
       );
     }
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendum.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendum.tsx
index 30520d4476..1374671aec 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendum.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendum.tsx
@@ -123,26 +123,16 @@ class Referendum extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return (
       <div className='democracy--Referendum-info'>
-        <Static
-          label={t('referendum.endLabel', {
-            defaultValue: 'ending at'
-          })}
-        >
-          {t('referendum.endInfo', {
-            defaultValue: 'block #{{blockNumber}}, {{remaining}} blocks remaining',
+        <Static label={t('ending at')}>
+          {t('block #{{blockNumber}}, {{remaining}} blocks remaining', {
             replace: {
               blockNumber: numberFormat(end),
               remaining: numberFormat(end.sub(chain_bestNumber).subn(1))
             }
           })}
         </Static>
-        <Static
-          label={t('referendum.enactLabel', {
-            defaultValue: 'activate at (if passed)'
-          })}
-        >
-          {t('referendum.enactInfo', {
-            defaultValue: 'block #{{blockNumber}}',
+        <Static label={t('activate at (if passed)')}>
+          {t('block #{{blockNumber}}', {
             replace: {
               blockNumber: numberFormat(enactBlock)
             }
@@ -151,11 +141,12 @@ class Referendum extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <VoteThreshold
           isDisabled
           defaultValue={{ value: threshold } as RawParam}
-          label={t('referendum.thresholdLabel', {
-            defaultValue: 'vote threshold'
-          })}
+          label={t('vote threshold')}
           name='voteThreshold'
-          type={{ info: 0, type: 'VoteThreshold' }}
+          type={{
+            info: 0,
+            type: 'VoteThreshold'
+          }}
         />
       </div>
     );
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendums.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendums.tsx
index 6155e15536..77fabbc5c7 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendums.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Referendums.tsx
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ class Referendums extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <section className='democracy--Referendums'>
-        <h1>{t('referendums.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'referendums'
-        })}</h1>
+        <h1>{t('referendums')}</h1>
         {this.renderReferendums()}
       </section>
     );
@@ -39,9 +37,7 @@ class Referendums extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     if (!democracy_referendums || !democracy_referendums.length || (referendumCount === (democracy_nextTally || new BN(0)).toNumber())) {
       return (
         <div className='ui disabled'>
-          {t('proposals.none', {
-            defaultValue: 'no available referendums'
-          })}
+          {t('no available referendums')}
         </div>
       );
     }
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Summary.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Summary.tsx
index 3e5b376684..20b2afd2ac 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Summary.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Summary.tsx
@@ -24,49 +24,33 @@ type Props = I18nProps & {
 
 class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
   render () {
-    const { chain_bestNumber = new BN(0), democracy_launchPeriod, democracy_nextTally, democracy_publicPropCount, democracy_referendumCount, democracy_votingPeriod, t } = this.props;
+    const { chain_bestNumber = new BN(0), democracy_launchPeriod = new BN(1), democracy_nextTally = new BN(0), democracy_publicPropCount, democracy_referendumCount = new BN(0), democracy_votingPeriod = new BN(1), t } = this.props;
 
     return (
       <summary>
         <section>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.proposalCount', {
-              defaultValue: 'proposals'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('proposals')}>
             {numberFormat(democracy_publicPropCount)}
           </CardSummary>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.referendumCount', {
-              defaultValue: 'referendums'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('referendums')}>
             {numberFormat(democracy_referendumCount)}
           </CardSummary>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.active', {
-              defaultValue: 'active num'
-            })}
-          >
-            {numberFormat((democracy_referendumCount || new BN(0)).sub(democracy_nextTally || new BN(0)))}
+          <CardSummary label={t('active')}>
+            {numberFormat(democracy_referendumCount.sub(democracy_nextTally))}
           </CardSummary>
         </section>
         <section>
           <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.votingPeriod', {
-              defaultValue: 'voting period'
-            })}
+            label={t('voting period')}
             progress={{
-              value: chain_bestNumber.mod(democracy_votingPeriod || new BN(1)).addn(1),
-              total: democracy_votingPeriod || new BN(1)
+              value: chain_bestNumber.mod(democracy_votingPeriod).addn(1),
+              total: democracy_votingPeriod
             }}
           />
           <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.launchPeriod', {
-              defaultValue: 'launch period'
-            })}
+            label={t('launch period')}
             progress={{
-              value: chain_bestNumber.mod(democracy_launchPeriod || new BN(1)).addn(1),
+              value: chain_bestNumber.mod(democracy_launchPeriod).addn(1),
               total: democracy_launchPeriod || new BN(1)
             }}
           />
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/Voting.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/Voting.tsx
index ad0a021eed..fa1f8bbc08 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/Voting.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/Voting.tsx
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ class Voting extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     return (
       <div className='democracy--Referendum-vote'>
         <InputAddress
-          label={t('voting.account', {
-            defaultValue: 'vote using my account'
-          })}
+          label={t('vote using my account')}
           onChange={this.onChangeAccount}
           placeholder='0x...'
           type='account'
diff --git a/packages/app-democracy/src/VotingButtons.tsx b/packages/app-democracy/src/VotingButtons.tsx
index 0be146a32e..5cb0fe5e8f 100644
--- a/packages/app-democracy/src/VotingButtons.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-democracy/src/VotingButtons.tsx
@@ -28,18 +28,14 @@ class VotingButton extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         <Button
           isDisabled={!accountId}
           isNegative
-          text={t('votebtn.nay', {
-            defaultValue: 'Nay'
-          })}
+          text={t('Nay')}
           onClick={this.onClickNo}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isDisabled={!accountId}
           isPositive
-          text={t('votebtn.aye', {
-            defaultValue: 'Aye'
-          })}
+          text={t('Aye')}
           onClick={this.onClickYes}
         />
       </Button.Group>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Events.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Events.tsx
index c2a70bb486..429506ab9f 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Events.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Events.tsx
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ class Events extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <section>
-        <h1>{t('block.events', {
-          defaultValue: 'events'
-        })}</h1>
+        <h1>{t('events')}</h1>
         <div className='explorer--BlockByHash-flexable'>
           <EventsDisplay
             eventClassName='explorer--BlockByHash-block'
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Logs.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Logs.tsx
index 2020c81e9d..8ab5ad140c 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Logs.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockByHash/Logs.tsx
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ class Logs extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <section>
-        <h1>{t('block.logs', {
-          defaultValue: 'logs'
-        })}</h1>
+        <h1>{t('logs')}</h1>
         <div className='explorer--BlockByHash-flexable'>
           {value.map(this.renderItem)}
         </div>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockHeader/Extrinsics.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockHeader/Extrinsics.tsx
index bd150c3b5b..ee7afbe011 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockHeader/Extrinsics.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/BlockHeader/Extrinsics.tsx
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ class Extrinsics extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       <tr>
         <td className='type'>extrinsics</td>
         <td className='hash'>
-          {t('extrinsics.count', {
-            defaultValue: '{{count}} in block',
+          {t('{{count}} in block', {
             replace: {
               count: chain_getBlock.extrinsics.length
             }
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/Events.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/Events.tsx
index eb326081e7..69bc77f14d 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/Events.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/Events.tsx
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ class Events extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     const { emptyLabel, eventClassName, value, t } = this.props;
 
     if (!value || value.length === 0) {
-      return emptyLabel || t('events.none', {
-        defaultValue: 'no events available'
-      });
+      return emptyLabel || t('no events available');
     }
 
     return value
@@ -59,7 +57,11 @@ class Events extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       >
         <div className='header'>
           <h3>
-            {extIndex === -1 ? '' : `#${numberFormat(extIndex)}: `}{event.section}.{event.method}
+            {
+              extIndex !== -1
+                ? `#${numberFormat(extIndex)}: `
+                : ''
+            }{event.section}.{event.method}
           </h3>
           <div className='description'>
             {
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/EventsRecent.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/EventsRecent.tsx
index 68b050528f..24d6b8b4f7 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/EventsRecent.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/EventsRecent.tsx
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ class EventsRecent extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     return (
       <div>
         <Events
-          emptyLabel={t('events.system-none', {
-            defaultValue: 'no recent non-system events available'
-          })}
+          emptyLabel={t('no recent non-system events available')}
           value={recentEvents}
           withoutIndex
         />
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/Main.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/Main.tsx
index d1d469f55e..c693bfada0 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/Main.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/Main.tsx
@@ -26,15 +26,11 @@ class Main extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         key='overview'
       >
         <div className='column'>
-          <h1>{t('main.recentBlocks', {
-            defaultValue: 'recent blocks'
-          })}</h1>
+          <h1>{t('recent blocks')}</h1>
           <BlockHeaders />
         </div>
         <div className='column'>
-          <h1>{t('main.recentEvents', {
-            defaultValue: 'recent events'
-          })}</h1>
+          <h1>{t('recent events')}</h1>
           <EventsRecent />
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/Query.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/Query.tsx
index 917619a43a..490d52549c 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/Query.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/Query.tsx
@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ class Query extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             <Input
               className='storage--Query-actionrow-hash'
               isError={!isValid && hash.length !== 0}
-              placeholder={t('query', {
-                defaultValue: 'block hash to query'
-              })}
+              placeholder={t('block hash to query')}
               onChange={this.setHash}
             />
             <Labelled className='storage--Query-actionrow-button'>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/Summary.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/Summary.tsx
index fa98fd8daa..f1efbcf8b0 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/Summary.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/Summary.tsx
@@ -23,18 +23,10 @@ class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         style={style}
       >
         <section>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.period', {
-              defaultValue: 'target time'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('target time')}>
             <TimePeriod />
           </CardSummary>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.now', {
-              defaultValue: 'last block'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('last block')}>
             <TimeNow />
           </CardSummary>
         </section>
@@ -42,18 +34,10 @@ class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <SummarySession />
         </section>
         <section>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.finalised', {
-              defaultValue: 'finalised'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('finalised')}>
             <BestFinalised />
           </CardSummary>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.best', {
-              defaultValue: 'best'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('best')}>
             <BestNumber />
           </CardSummary>
         </section>
diff --git a/packages/app-explorer/src/SummarySession.tsx b/packages/app-explorer/src/SummarySession.tsx
index 9f50a77aad..d47d55585f 100644
--- a/packages/app-explorer/src/SummarySession.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-explorer/src/SummarySession.tsx
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ class SummarySession extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
   //   return (
   //     <CardSummary
   //       key='brokenCount'
-  //       label={t('summary.brokenCount', {
-  //         defaultValue: 'lateness'
-  //       })}
+  //       label={t('lateness')}
   //       progress={{
   //         color: 'autoReverse',
   //         isPercent: true,
@@ -68,9 +66,7 @@ class SummarySession extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     return (
       <CardSummary
         key='eraProgress'
-        label={t('summary.eraProgress', {
-          defaultValue: 'era'
-        })}
+        label={t('era')}
         progress={{
           total: session_eraLength,
           value: session_eraProgress
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ class SummarySession extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
   }
 
   private renderSession () {
-    const { session_sessionProgress, session_sessionLength, t, withSession = true } = this.props;
+    const { session_sessionProgress, session_sessionLength = new BN(0), t, withSession = true } = this.props;
 
     if (!withSession) {
       return null;
@@ -89,11 +85,9 @@ class SummarySession extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     return (
       <CardSummary
         key='sessionProgress'
-        label={t('summary.sessionProgress', {
-          defaultValue: 'session'
-        })}
+        label={t('session')}
         progress={{
-          total: session_sessionLength || new BN(0),
+          total: session_sessionLength,
           value: session_sessionProgress
         }}
       />
diff --git a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Account.tsx b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Account.tsx
index c9f4f32c1e..70eea28bff 100644
--- a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Account.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Account.tsx
@@ -71,9 +71,7 @@ class Account extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     return (
       <Labelled
         className='small'
-        label={t('account.balance', {
-          defaultValue: 'with an available balance of'
-        })}
+        label={t('with an available balance of')}
         withLabel={withLabel}
       >
         <Balance
diff --git a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Params/Extrinsic.tsx b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Params/Extrinsic.tsx
index 372922cc91..2bc789a2fd 100644
--- a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Params/Extrinsic.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Params/Extrinsic.tsx
@@ -33,14 +33,12 @@ class ExtrinsicDisplay extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         isDisabled={isDisabled}
         isError={isError}
         isPrivate={isPrivate}
-        labelMethod={t('proposal.method', {
-          defaultValue: '{{label}} (extrinsic)',
+        labelMethod={t('{{label}} (extrinsic)', {
           replace: {
             label
           }
         })}
-        labelSection={t('proposal.section', {
-          defaultValue: '{{label}} (section)',
+        labelSection={t('{{label}} (section)', {
           replace: {
             label
           }
diff --git a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Selection.tsx b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Selection.tsx
index e00ce01fb0..83ea6168bd 100644
--- a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Selection.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/Selection.tsx
@@ -48,23 +48,17 @@ class Selection extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       <div className='extrinsics--Selection'>
         <Account
           isInput={false}
-          label={t('display.sender', {
-            defaultValue: 'using the selected account'
-          })}
+          label={t('using the selected account')}
           onChange={this.onChangeSender}
           type='account'
         />
         <ExtrinsicDisplay
           defaultValue={defaultExtrinsic}
-          labelMethod={t('display.method', {
-            defaultValue: 'submit the following extrinsic'
-          })}
+          labelMethod={t('submit the following extrinsic')}
           onChange={this.onChangeExtrinsic}
         />
         <Nonce
-          label={t('display.nonce', {
-            defaultValue: 'with an index'
-          })}
+          label={t('with an index')}
           callOnResult={this.onChangeNonce}
           value={accountId}
         />
@@ -72,18 +66,14 @@ class Selection extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isDisabled={!isValid}
             onClick={this.onQueueInherent}
-            text={t('submit.label', {
-              defaultValue: 'Submit Inherent'
-            })}
+            text={t('Submit Inherent')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isDisabled={!isValid}
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.onQueueExtrinsic}
-            text={t('submit.label', {
-              defaultValue: 'Submit Transaction'
-            })}
+            text={t('Submit Transaction')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </div>
diff --git a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
index f2c766196f..902af08bce 100644
--- a/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-extrinsics/src/index.tsx
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ class ExtrinsicsApp extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     if (!accountAll || !Object.keys(accountAll).length) {
       return (
         <main className='extrinsics--App'>
-          {t('accounts.none', {
-            defaultValue: 'There are no saved accounts. '
-          })}
+          {t('There are no saved accounts. ')}
           <Link to='/accounts'>
-          Add Accounts.
+            {t('Add Accounts.')}
           </Link>
         </main>
       );
diff --git a/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Peers.tsx b/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Peers.tsx
index 13ff9043e4..bf7e0b6cd7 100644
--- a/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Peers.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Peers.tsx
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ class Peers extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     const { peers, t } = this.props;
 
     if (!peers || !peers.length) {
-      return t('no peers connected');
+      return (
+        <div className='ui disabled'>
+          {t('no peers connected')}
+        </div>
+      );
     }
 
     return (
diff --git a/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Pending.tsx b/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Pending.tsx
index 49561a7100..7fae970600 100644
--- a/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Pending.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-nodeinfo/src/Pending.tsx
@@ -33,7 +33,11 @@ class Pending extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     const { extrinsics, t } = this.props;
 
     if (!extrinsics || !extrinsics.length) {
-      return t('no pending extrinsics are in the queue');
+      return (
+        <div className='ui disabled'>
+          {t('no pending extrinsics are in the queue')}
+        </div>
+      );
     }
 
     return (
diff --git a/packages/app-rpc/src/Account.tsx b/packages/app-rpc/src/Account.tsx
index 99caff26b9..be243eb834 100644
--- a/packages/app-rpc/src/Account.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-rpc/src/Account.tsx
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ class Account extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <InputAddress
             defaultValue={defaultValue}
             isError={isError}
-            label={t('account.address', {
-              defaultValue: 'sign data from account'
-            })}
+            label={t('sign data from account')}
             onChange={this.onChangeAccount}
             placeholder='0x...'
             type='account'
@@ -67,9 +65,7 @@ class Account extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     return (
       <Labelled
         className='small'
-        label={t('account.nonce', {
-          defaultValue: 'with an index of'
-        })}
+        label={t('with an index of')}
       >
         <Nonce
           className='ui disabled dropdown selection'
diff --git a/packages/app-rpc/src/Selection.tsx b/packages/app-rpc/src/Selection.tsx
index c03e54cbbc..0c1089b8a7 100644
--- a/packages/app-rpc/src/Selection.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-rpc/src/Selection.tsx
@@ -63,9 +63,7 @@ class Selection extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             isDisabled={!isValid}
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.onSubmit}
-            text={t('submit', {
-              defaultValue: 'Submit RPC call'
-            })}
+            text={t('Submit RPC call')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </section>
diff --git a/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
index 42cfe7591c..fd25d30a3e 100644
--- a/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-settings/src/index.tsx
@@ -47,16 +47,12 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     return (
       <main className='settings--App'>
         <section>
-          <h1>{t('settings.general', {
-            defaultValue: 'general'
-          })}</h1>
+          <h1>{t('general')}</h1>
           <div className='ui--row'>
             <div className='full'>
               <Dropdown
                 defaultValue={apiUrl}
-                label={t('select.api.url', {
-                  defaultValue: 'remote node/endpoint to connect to'
-                })}
+                label={t('remote node/endpoint to connect to')}
                 onChange={this.onChangeApiUrl}
                 options={settings.availableNodes}
               />
@@ -66,9 +62,7 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             <div className='medium'>
               <Dropdown
                 defaultValue={uiTheme}
-                label={t('select.ui.theme', {
-                  defaultValue: 'default interface theme'
-                })}
+                label={t('default interface theme')}
                 onChange={this.onChangeUiTheme}
                 options={settings.availableUIThemes}
               />
@@ -76,9 +70,7 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             <div className='medium'>
               <Dropdown
                 defaultValue={uiMode}
-                label={t('select.ui.mode', {
-                  defaultValue: 'interface operation mode'
-                })}
+                label={t('interface operation mode')}
                 onChange={this.onChangeUiMode}
                 options={settings.availableUIModes}
               />
@@ -89,9 +81,7 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
               <Dropdown
                 defaultValue={i18nLang}
                 isDisabled
-                label={t('select.i18n.lang', {
-                  defaultValue: 'default interface language'
-                })}
+                label={t('default interface language')}
                 onChange={this.onChangeLang}
                 options={settings.availableLanguages}
               />
@@ -99,14 +89,12 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           </div>
         </section>
         <section>
-          <h1>{t('settings.developer', {
-            defaultValue: 'developer'
-          })}</h1>
+          <h1>{t('developer')}</h1>
           <div className='ui--row'>
             <div className='full'>
               <InputFile
                 isError={typesError}
-                label='additional type definitions (JSON)'
+                label={t('additional type definitions (JSON)')}
                 onChange={this.onChangeTypes}
                 placeholder={typesPlaceholder}
               />
@@ -117,9 +105,7 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.save}
-            text={t('btn.do', {
-              defaultValue: 'Save & Reload'
-            })}
+            text={t('Save & Reload')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </main>
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/CurrentList.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/CurrentList.tsx
index 5490c3eb44..b04d47b468 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/CurrentList.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/CurrentList.tsx
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@ class CurrentList extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return [
       <h1 key='header'>
-        {t('list.current', {
-          defaultValue: 'validators',
+        {t('validators', {
           replace: {
             count: current.length
           }
         })}
       </h1>,
-      this.renderColumn(current, t('name.validator', { defaultValue: 'validator' }))
+      this.renderColumn(current, t('validator'))
     ];
   }
 
@@ -53,12 +52,8 @@ class CurrentList extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     const { next, t } = this.props;
 
     return [
-      <h1 key='header'>
-        {t('list.next', {
-          defaultValue: 'next up'
-        })}
-      </h1>,
-      this.renderColumn(next, t('name.intention', { defaultValue: 'intention' }))
+      <h1 key='header'>{t('next up')}</h1>,
+      this.renderColumn(next, t('intention'))
     ];
   }
 
@@ -77,9 +72,7 @@ class CurrentList extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     if (addresses.length === 0) {
       return (
-        <div key='none'>{t('list.empty', {
-          defaultValue: 'no addresses found'
-        })}</div>
+        <div key='none'>{t('no addresses found')}</div>
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/Summary.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/Summary.tsx
index aeea027b33..6ffb1ad812 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/Summary.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/Overview/Summary.tsx
@@ -32,18 +32,10 @@ class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         style={style}
       >
         <section>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.validators', {
-              defaultValue: 'validators'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('validators')}>
             {validators.length}/{staking_validatorCount ? staking_validatorCount.toString() : '-'}
           </CardSummary>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.intentions', {
-              defaultValue: 'intentions'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('intentions')}>
             {intentions.length}
           </CardSummary>
         </section>
@@ -51,11 +43,7 @@ class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <SummarySession withBroken={false} />
         </section>
         <section>
-          <CardSummary
-            label={t('summary.balances', {
-              defaultValue: 'balances'
-            })}
-          >
+          <CardSummary label={t('balances')}>
             {this.renderBalances()}
           </CardSummary>
         </section>
@@ -76,16 +64,14 @@ class Summary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return (
       <div className='staking--Summary-text'>
-        <div>{t('summary.balance.validator', {
-          defaultValue: 'lowest validator {{validatorLow}}',
+        <div>{t('lowest validator {{validatorLow}}', {
           replace: {
             validatorLow: validatorLow && validatorLow.stakingBalance
               ? `${balanceFormat(validatorLow.stakingBalance)} ${nominatedLow}`
               : '-'
           }
         })}</div>
-        <div>{t('summary.balance.stake', {
-          defaultValue: 'highest intention {{intentionHigh}}',
+        <div>{t('highest intention {{intentionHigh}}', {
           replace: {
             intentionHigh: intentionHigh
               ? `${balanceFormat(intentionHigh.stakingBalance)} ${nominatedHigh}`
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Account.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Account.tsx
index 4384c80e1a..7d5fdf1411 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Account.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Account.tsx
@@ -131,17 +131,13 @@ class Account extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.stake}
-            text={t('account.stake', {
-              defaultValue: 'stake'
-            })}
+            text={t('Stake')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.toggleNominate}
-            text={t('account.nominate', {
-              defaultValue: 'nominate'
-            })}
+            text={t('Nominate')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       );
@@ -164,9 +160,7 @@ class Account extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isNegative
           onClick={this.unstake}
-          text={t('account.unstake', {
-            defaultValue: 'unstake'
-          })}
+          text={t('Unstake')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Nominating.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Nominating.tsx
index 8ac815c541..27c446edbe 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Nominating.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/Nominating.tsx
@@ -66,18 +66,14 @@ class Nominating extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <Button
             isNegative
             onClick={onClose}
-            text={t('nominators.cancel', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
             isDisabled={!isNomineeValid}
             isPrimary
             onClick={this.nominate}
-            text={t('nominator.nominate', {
-              defaultValue: 'nominate'
-            })}
+            text={t('Nominate')}
           />
         </Button.Group>
       </Modal.Actions>
@@ -90,17 +86,13 @@ class Nominating extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('nominator.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Nominate Validator'
-        })}
+        {t('Nominate Validator')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content className='ui--signer-Signer-Content' key='content'>
         <Input
           className='medium'
           isError={!isNomineeValid}
-          label={t('nominator.address', {
-            defaultValue: 'nominate the following address (validator or intention)'
-          })}
+          label={t('nominate the following address (validator or intention)')}
           onChange={this.onChangeNominee}
           value={nominee}
         />
@@ -122,16 +114,12 @@ class Nominating extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       <article className='error'>
         {
           !isNomineeValid && isAddressFormatValid
-            ? t('nominator.error', {
-              defaultValue: 'The address you input is not intending to stake, and is therefore invalid. Please try again with a validator address.'
-            })
+            ? t('The address you input is not intending to stake, and is therefore invalid. Please try again with a validator address.')
             : null
         }
         {
           !isAddressFormatValid
-            ? t('nominator.error', {
-              defaultValue: 'The address does not conform to a recognized address format. Please make sure you enter a valid address.'
-            })
+            ? t('The address does not conform to a recognized address format. Please make sure you enter a valid address.')
             : null
         }
       </article>
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/UnnominateButton.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/UnnominateButton.tsx
index ec8ae68d99..87b1e911bd 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/UnnominateButton.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/StakeList/UnnominateButton.tsx
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ class UnnominateButton extends React.Component<Props> {
         style={style}
         isNegative
         onClick={this.onClick}
-        text={t('account.unnominate', {
-          defaultValue: 'unnominate'
-        })}
+        text={t('Unnominate')}
       />
     );
   }
diff --git a/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
index bdb66c9329..e26d9333c0 100644
--- a/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-staking/src/index.tsx
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ class App extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     const items = [
       {
         name: 'overview',
-        text: t('app.overview', { defaultValue: 'Staking Overview' })
+        text: t('Staking Overview')
       },
       {
         name: 'actions',
-        text: t('app.actions', { defaultValue: 'Account Actions' })
+        text: t('Account Actions')
       }
     ];
 
diff --git a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Modules.tsx b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Modules.tsx
index 8856f7195f..1182a1fc0e 100644
--- a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Modules.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Modules.tsx
@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ class Modules extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <div className='storage--actionrow-value'>
           <InputStorage
             defaultValue={this.defaultValue}
-            labelSection={t('selection.section', {
-              defaultValue: 'query state section'
-            })}
+            labelSection={t('query state section')}
             onChange={this.onChangeKey}
           />
           <Params
diff --git a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Raw.tsx b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Raw.tsx
index b4d01ccbbb..ae1aada78b 100644
--- a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Raw.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/Raw.tsx
@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@ class Raw extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <div className='storage--actionrow-value'>
           <Input
             autoFocus
-            label={t('raw.label', {
-              defaultValue: 'hex-encoded storage key'
-            })}
+            label={t('hex-encoded storage key')}
             onChange={this.onChangeKey}
           />
         </div>
diff --git a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
index d95a808fb9..9c006170b8 100644
--- a/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-storage/src/Selection/index.tsx
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class Selection extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       items: [
         {
           name: 'modules',
-          text: t('select.modules', { defaultValue: 'Modules' })
+          text: t('Modules')
         },
         {
           name: 'raw',
-          text: t('select.raw', { defaultValue: 'Raw key' })
+          text: t('Raw key')
         }
       ]
     };
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Hash.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Hash.tsx
index 7cb3bfb5b5..120edad131 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Hash.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Hash.tsx
@@ -42,25 +42,17 @@ class Hash extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Input
           autoFocus
           className='large'
-          label={t('hash.data', {
-            defaultValue: 'from the following data (hex or string)'
-          })}
+          label={t('from the following data (hex or string)')}
           onChange={this.onChangeData}
           value={data}
         />
         <Static
           className='small'
-          label={t('hash.isHex', {
-            defaultValue: 'hex input data'
-          })}
+          label={t('hex input data')}
           value={
             isHexData
-              ? t('hash.isHex.yes', {
-                defaultValue: 'Yes'
-              })
-              : t('hash.isHex.no', {
-                defaultValue: 'No'
-              })
+              ? t('Yes')
+              : t('No')
           }
         />
       </div>
@@ -76,9 +68,7 @@ class Hash extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Output
           className='full toolbox--hex'
           isHidden={hash.length === 0}
-          label={t('hash.output', {
-            defaultValue: 'the resulting hash is'
-          })}
+          label={t('the resulting hash is')}
           value={hash}
           withCopy
         />
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Sign.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Sign.tsx
index 9c54e27436..dddaaa553f 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Sign.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Sign.tsx
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ class Sign extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           className='full'
           defaultValue={defaultValue}
           isInput={false}
-          label={t('sign.account', {
-            defaultValue: 'using my account'
-          })}
+          label={t('using my account')}
           onChange={this.onChangeAccount}
           type='account'
         />
@@ -92,9 +90,7 @@ class Sign extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.toggleUnlock}
-          text={t('sign.unlock', {
-            defaultValue: 'Unlock account'
-          })}
+          text={t('Unlock account')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -109,25 +105,17 @@ class Sign extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Input
           autoFocus
           className='large'
-          label={t('sign.data', {
-            defaultValue: 'sign the following data (hex or string)'
-          })}
+          label={t('sign the following data (hex or string)')}
           onChange={this.onChangeData}
           value={data}
         />
         <Static
           className='small'
-          label={t('sign.isHex', {
-            defaultValue: 'hex input data'
-          })}
+          label={t('hex input data')}
           value={
             isHexData
-              ? t('sign.isHex.yes', {
-                defaultValue: 'Yes'
-              })
-              : t('sign.isHex.no', {
-                defaultValue: 'No'
-              })
+              ? t('Yes')
+              : t('No')
           }
         />
       </div>
@@ -143,9 +131,7 @@ class Sign extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Output
           className='full toolbox--hex'
           isHidden={signature.length === 0}
-          label={t('sign.signed', {
-            defaultValue: 'signature of supplied data'
-          })}
+          label={t('signature of supplied data')}
           value={signature}
           withCopy
         />
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Unlock.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Unlock.tsx
index 6230cbecf2..9ce717349f 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Unlock.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Unlock.tsx
@@ -16,15 +16,10 @@ type Props = I18nProps & {
   pair: KeyringPair | null
 };
 
-type UnlockI18n = {
-  key: string,
-  value: any // I18Next$Translate$Config
-};
-
 type State = {
   address: string,
   password: string,
-  unlockError: UnlockI18n | null
+  unlockError: string | null
 };
 
 class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
@@ -52,9 +47,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         open
       >
         <Modal.Header>
-          {t('unlock.header', {
-            defaultValue: 'Unlock account'
-          })}
+          {t('Unlock account')}
         </Modal.Header>
         <Modal.Content>
           {this.renderContent()}
@@ -74,17 +67,13 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isNegative
           onClick={this.onCancel}
-          text={t('unlock.cancel', {
-            defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-          })}
+          text={t('Cancel')}
         />
         <Button.Or />
         <Button
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onUnlock}
-          text={t('unlock.doit', {
-            defaultValue: 'Unlock'
-          })}
+          text={t('Unlock')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
@@ -98,7 +87,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       <div className='toolbox--Unlock-Content' key='content'>
         <div className='expanded'>
           <p>
-            <Trans i18nKey='unlock.info'>
+            <Trans>
               You are about to unlock your account <span className='code'>{address}</span> to allow for the signing of messages.
             </Trans>
           </p>
@@ -113,9 +102,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <Password
             className='medium'
             isError={!!unlockError}
-            label={t('unlock.password', {
-              defaultValue: 'unlock account using'
-            })}
+            label={t('unlock account using')}
             onChange={this.onChangePassword}
             value={password}
           />
@@ -124,7 +111,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     ];
   }
 
-  unlockAccount (password?: string): UnlockI18n | null {
+  unlockAccount (password?: string): string | null {
     const { pair } = this.props;
 
     if (!pair || !pair.isLocked()) {
@@ -134,12 +121,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     try {
       pair.decodePkcs8(password);
     } catch (error) {
-      return {
-        key: 'unlock.generic',
-        value: {
-          defaultValue: error.message
-        }
-      };
+      return error.message;
     }
 
     return null;
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Verify.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Verify.tsx
index 165c3df11e..cdef9dea13 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/Verify.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/Verify.tsx
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ class Verify extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           defaultValue={defaultPublicKey}
           isError={!isValidAddress}
           isInput
-          label={t('verify.account', {
-            defaultValue: 'verify using address'
-          })}
+          label={t('verify using address')}
           onChange={this.onChangeAddress}
         />
       </div>
@@ -86,25 +84,17 @@ class Verify extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Input
           autoFocus
           className='large'
-          label={t('verify.data', {
-            defaultValue: 'using the following data (hex or string)'
-          })}
+          label={t('using the following data (hex or string)')}
           onChange={this.onChangeData}
           value={data}
         />
         <Static
           className='small'
-          label={t('verify.isHex', {
-            defaultValue: 'hex input data'
-          })}
+          label={t('hex input data')}
           value={
             isHexData
-              ? t('verify.isHex.yes', {
-                defaultValue: 'Yes'
-              })
-              : t('verify.isHex.no', {
-                defaultValue: 'No'
-              })
+              ? t('Yes')
+              : t('No')
           }
         />
       </div>
@@ -127,9 +117,7 @@ class Verify extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             />
           }
           isError={!isValidSignature}
-          label={t('verify.signature', {
-            defaultValue: 'checking the supplied signature'
-          })}
+          label={t('checking the supplied signature')}
           onChange={this.onChangeSignature}
           value={signature}
         />
diff --git a/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx b/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
index 021b2db542..4ddbcc7557 100644
--- a/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-toolbox/src/index.tsx
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ class ToolboxApp extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
     const items = [
       {
         name: 'hash',
-        text: t('app.hash', { defaultValue: 'Hash data' })
+        text: t('Hash data')
       },
       {
         name: 'sign',
-        text: t('app.sign', { defaultValue: 'Sign message' })
+        text: t('Sign message')
       },
       {
         name: 'verify',
-        text: t('app.verify', { defaultValue: 'Verify signature' })
+        text: t('Verify signature')
       }
     ];
 
diff --git a/packages/app-transfer/src/Submit.tsx b/packages/app-transfer/src/Submit.tsx
index 5208fb9426..f3500f4f58 100644
--- a/packages/app-transfer/src/Submit.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-transfer/src/Submit.tsx
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ class Submit extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           isDisabled={isDisabled || !extrinsic}
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.onMakeTransfer}
-          text={t('maketransfer', {
-            defaultValue: 'Make Transfer'
-          })}
+          text={t('Make Transfer')}
         />
       </Button.Group>
     );
diff --git a/packages/app-transfer/src/Transfer.tsx b/packages/app-transfer/src/Transfer.tsx
index 29dd3b0ef5..4d40037953 100644
--- a/packages/app-transfer/src/Transfer.tsx
+++ b/packages/app-transfer/src/Transfer.tsx
@@ -57,18 +57,14 @@ class Transfer extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <div className='ui--row'>
           <div className='medium'>
             <InputAddress
-              label={t('from', {
-                defaultValue: 'transfer from my account'
-              })}
+              label={t('transfer from my account')}
               onChange={this.onChangeFrom}
               type='account'
             />
           </div>
           <div className='medium'>
             <InputAddress
-              label={t('to', {
-                defaultValue: 'to the recipient address'
-              })}
+              label={t('to the recipient address')}
               onChange={this.onChangeTo}
               type='all'
             />
@@ -82,9 +78,7 @@ class Transfer extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
               bitLength={DEFAULT_BITLENGTH}
               isError={!hasAvailable}
               isSi
-              label={t('amount', {
-                defaultValue: 'send a value of'
-              })}
+              label={t('send a value of')}
               onChange={this.onChangeAmount}
             />
             <FeeDisplay
diff --git a/packages/apps/src/Connecting/index.tsx b/packages/apps/src/Connecting/index.tsx
index 28725d0790..93f9d1bab0 100644
--- a/packages/apps/src/Connecting/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/apps/src/Connecting/index.tsx
@@ -29,13 +29,10 @@ class Connecting extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
     return (
       <div className='apps--Connecting'>
         <div className='apps--Connecting-text'>
-          {t('connecting.disconnected', {
-            defaultValue: 'You are not connected to a node. Ensure that your node is running and that the Websocket endpoint is reachable.'
-          })}&nbsp;
+          {t('You are not connected to a node. Ensure that your node is running and that the Websocket endpoint is reachable.')}&nbsp;
           {
             isFirefox && settings.apiUrl.indexOf('ws://') === 0
-              ? t('connecting.ff', {
-                defaultValue: 'With the Firefox browser connecting to insecure WebSockets (in this case {{url}}) will fail due to the browser not allowing localhost access from a secure site.',
+              ? t('With the Firefox browser connecting to insecure WebSockets (in this case {{url}}) will fail due to the browser not allowing localhost access from a secure site.', {
                 replace: {
                   url: settings.apiUrl
                 }
diff --git a/packages/apps/src/Content/index.tsx b/packages/apps/src/Content/index.tsx
index 0d7118fd28..4b531ce3f2 100644
--- a/packages/apps/src/Content/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/apps/src/Content/index.tsx
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ class Content extends React.Component<Props> {
     if (isApiGated && (!isApiReady || !isApiConnected)) {
       return (
         <div className='apps--Content-body'>
-          <main>{t('content.gated', {
-            defaultValue: 'Waiting for API to be connected and ready.'
-          })}</main>
+          <main>{t('Waiting for API to be connected and ready.')}</main>
         </div>
       );
     }
diff --git a/packages/apps/src/Status.tsx b/packages/apps/src/Status.tsx
index 58e72c86a0..2867a52595 100644
--- a/packages/apps/src/Status.tsx
+++ b/packages/apps/src/Status.tsx
@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ class Status extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
             account,
             action: `${section}.${method}`,
             status: 'event',
-            message: t('status.transfer', {
-              defaultValue: 'transfer received'
-            })
+            message: t('transfer received')
           });
         }
       } else if (section === 'democracy') {
@@ -58,8 +56,7 @@ class Status extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         queueAction({
           action: `${section}.${method}`,
           status: 'event',
-          message: t('status.democracy', {
-            defaultValue: 'update on #{{index}}',
+          message: t('update on #{{index}}', {
             replace: {
               index
             }
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/AddressSummary.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/AddressSummary.tsx
index 3480bb0e42..2de5f65450 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/AddressSummary.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/AddressSummary.tsx
@@ -140,9 +140,7 @@ class AddressSummary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       <BalanceDisplay
         balance={balance}
         className='ui--AddressSummary-balance'
-        label={t('addressSummary.balance', {
-          defaultValue: 'balance '
-        })}
+        label={t('balance ')}
         value={value}
       />
     );
@@ -184,9 +182,7 @@ class AddressSummary extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         className='ui--AddressSummary-nonce'
         params={accountId.toString()}
       >
-        {t('addressSummary.transactions', {
-          defaultValue: ' transactions'
-        })}
+        {t(' transactions')}
       </Nonce>
     );
   }
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/Button/Or.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/Button/Or.tsx
index 29766445f0..50301c8dd2 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/Button/Or.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/Button/Or.tsx
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ class ButtonOr extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         style={style}
         text={
           isUndefined(text)
-            ? t('button.or', {
-              defaultValue: 'or'
-            })
+            ? t('or')
             : text
         }
       />
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/IdentityIcon.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/IdentityIcon.tsx
index 1f7c4d6156..010e776213 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/IdentityIcon.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/IdentityIcon.tsx
@@ -36,13 +36,9 @@ class CopyIcon extends React.PureComponent<CopyProps> {
     if (queueAction) {
       queueAction({
         account,
-        action: t('identicon.copy', {
-          defaultValue: 'clipboard'
-        }),
+        action: t('clipboard'),
         status: 'queued',
-        message: t('identicon.copied', {
-          defaultValue: 'address copied'
-        })
+        message: t('address copied')
       });
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectMethod.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectMethod.tsx
index e947f51a2f..1cf7e90d9b 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectMethod.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectMethod.tsx
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ class SelectMethod extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         <Dropdown
           className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Items', className)}
           isError={isError}
-          label={label || t('input.extrinsic.method', {
-            defaultValue: 'with the extrinsic'
-          })}
+          label={label || t('with the extrinsic')}
           onChange={onChange}
           options={options}
           style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectSection.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectSection.tsx
index 02a7be1221..4e528a4943 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectSection.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputExtrinsic/SelectSection.tsx
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ class SelectSection extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Sections', className)}
         defaultValue={defaultValue}
         isError={isError}
-        label={label || t('input.extrinsic.section', {
-          defaultValue: 'from extrinsic section'
-        })}
+        label={label || t('from extrinsic section')}
         onChange={onChange}
         options={options}
         style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputFile.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputFile.tsx
index f73775c6cd..0e3fddcce7 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputFile.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputFile.tsx
@@ -59,11 +59,8 @@ class InputFile extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           <div className='label'>
             {
               !file
-                ? placeholder || t('file.dnd', {
-                  defaultValue: 'drag and drop the file here'
-                })
-                : placeholder || t('file.description', {
-                  defaultValue: '{{name}} ({{size}} bytes)',
+                ? placeholder || t('drag and drop the file here')
+                : placeholder || t('{{name}} ({{size}} bytes)', {
                   replace: file
                 })
             }
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputNumber.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputNumber.tsx
index b93d755336..b9245a3650 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputNumber.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputNumber.tsx
@@ -100,9 +100,7 @@ class InputNumber extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
           onChange={this.onChange}
           onKeyDown={this.onKeyDown}
           onKeyUp={this.onKeyUp}
-          placeholder={t('inputnumber.placeholder', {
-            defaultValue: 'Positive number'
-          })}
+          placeholder={t('Positive number')}
           type='text'
         >
           {this.renderSiDropdown()}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectMethod.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectMethod.tsx
index bb2ca0d53e..995f72e565 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectMethod.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectMethod.tsx
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ class SelectMethod extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       <Dropdown
         className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Items', className)}
         isError={isError}
-        label={label || t('input.rpc.method', {
-          defaultValue: 'with method name'
-        })}
+        label={label || t('with method name')}
         onChange={onChange}
         options={options}
         style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectSection.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectSection.tsx
index 3b8a7d5676..11c8c5b51a 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectSection.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputRpc/SelectSection.tsx
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ class SelectSection extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Sections', className)}
         defaultValue={defaultValue}
         isError={isError}
-        label={label || t('input.rpc.section', {
-          defaultValue: 'rpc area'
-        })}
+        label={label || t('rpc area')}
         onChange={onChange}
         options={options}
         style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectKey.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectKey.tsx
index 34232a3897..d41f96e33f 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectKey.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectKey.tsx
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ class SelectKey extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
       <Dropdown
         className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Items', className)}
         isError={isError}
-        label={label || t('input.storage.key', {
-          defaultValue: 'with state key'
-        })}
+        label={label || t('with state key')}
         onChange={onChange}
         options={options}
         style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectSection.tsx b/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectSection.tsx
index efa3b0385d..3be03a8887 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectSection.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/InputStorage/SelectSection.tsx
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ class SelectSection extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
         className={classes('ui--DropdownLinked-Sections', className)}
         defaultValue={defaultValue}
         isError={isError}
-        label={label || t('input.storage.section', {
-          defaultValue: 'state section'
-        })}
+        label={label || t('state section')}
         onChange={onChange}
         options={options}
         style={style}
diff --git a/packages/ui-app/src/i18n.ts b/packages/ui-app/src/i18n.ts
index 8fc77a2b7a..781d3c7dfa 100644
--- a/packages/ui-app/src/i18n.ts
+++ b/packages/ui-app/src/i18n.ts
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@
 // of the Apache-2.0 license. See the LICENSE file for details.
 
 import i18n from 'i18next';
-import LanguageDetector from 'i18next-browser-languagedetector';
-import Backend from 'i18next-xhr-backend';
+// import LanguageDetector from 'i18next-browser-languagedetector';
+// import Backend from 'i18next-xhr-backend';
 import { reactI18nextModule } from 'react-i18next';
 
 i18n
-  .use(Backend)
-  .use(LanguageDetector)
+  // .use(Backend)
+  // .use(LanguageDetector)
   .use(reactI18nextModule)
   .init({
-    backend: {
-      loadPath: 'locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json'
-    },
+    // backend: {
+    //   loadPath: 'locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json'
+    // },
     debug: false,
     defaultNS: 'ui',
     fallbackLng: 'en',
diff --git a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/KeyValueArray.tsx b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/KeyValueArray.tsx
index 7a5838b9fb..f788f188c3 100644
--- a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/KeyValueArray.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/KeyValueArray.tsx
@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ class KeyValueArray extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
   constructor (props: Props) {
     super(props);
 
-    this.placeholderEmpty = props.t('kvarray.empty', {
-      defaultValue: 'drag and drop JSON key/value (hex-encoded) file'
-    });
+    this.placeholderEmpty = props.t('drag and drop JSON key/value (hex-encoded) file');
     this.state = {
       placeholder: this.placeholderEmpty
     };
@@ -108,8 +106,7 @@ class KeyValueArray extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
       encoded = this.parseFile(raw);
 
       this.setState({
-        placeholder: t('kvarray.values', {
-          defaultValue: '{{count}} key/value pairs encoded for submission',
+        placeholder: t('{{count}} key/value pairs encoded for submission', {
           replace: {
             count: encoded.value.length
           }
diff --git a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Unknown.tsx b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Unknown.tsx
index 7f0a92e36c..919573c4cc 100644
--- a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Unknown.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Unknown.tsx
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ class Unknown extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
           <Static
             className='full'
             label={label}
-            value={value || t('unknown.empty', {
-              defaultValue: 'empty'
-            })}
+            value={value || t('empty')}
           />
         </Bare>
       );
diff --git a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Vector.tsx b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Vector.tsx
index 3cb8a5a4ba..370b822326 100644
--- a/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Vector.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-params/src/Param/Vector.tsx
@@ -97,17 +97,13 @@ class Vector extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         <Button
           isPrimary
           onClick={this.rowAdd}
-          text={t('vector.add', {
-            defaultValue: 'add item'
-          })}
+          text={t('Add item')}
         />
         <Button
           isDisabled={values.length === 1}
           isNegative
           onClick={this.rowRemove}
-          text={t('vector.remove', {
-            defaultValue: 'remove item'
-          })}
+          text={t('Remove item')}
         />
       </div>
     );
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Proposal.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Proposal.tsx
index dcd233b855..b706876d52 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Proposal.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Proposal.tsx
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ class Proposal extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return [
       isBelowMinimum
-        ? <div key='belowmin'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('proposal.belowmin', {
-          defaultValue: 'The deposit is below the {{minimum}} minimum required for the proposal to be evaluated',
+        ? <div key='belowmin'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('The deposit is below the {{minimum}} minimum required for the proposal to be evaluated', {
           replace: {
             minimum: balanceFormat(democracy_minimumDeposit)
           }
@@ -72,8 +71,7 @@ class Proposal extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         : undefined,
       extraAmount.isZero()
         ? undefined
-        : <div key='infodeposit'><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('proposal.deposit', {
-          defaultValue: 'The deposit of {{deposit}} will be reserved until the proposal is completed',
+        : <div key='infodeposit'><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('The deposit of {{deposit}} will be reserved until the proposal is completed', {
           replace: {
             deposit: balanceFormat(extraAmount)
           }
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Transfer.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Transfer.tsx
index e56b280f5c..24835c259f 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Transfer.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/Transfer.tsx
@@ -74,13 +74,10 @@ class Transfer extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
 
     return [
       isNoEffect
-        ? <div key='noeffect'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('transfer.noeffect', {
-          defaultValue: 'The final recipient amount is less than the existential amount, hence the total will be deducted from the sender, however the recipient account will not reflect the amount sent'
-        })}</div>
+        ? <div key='noeffect'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('The final recipient amount is less than the existential amount, hence the total will be deducted from the sender, however the recipient account will not reflect the amount sent')}</div>
         : undefined,
       isCreation
-        ? <div key='create'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('transfer.create', {
-          defaultValue: 'A fee of {{creationFee}} will be deducted from the sender since the destination account does not exist',
+        ? <div key='create'><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('A fee of {{creationFee}} will be deducted from the sender since the destination account does not exist', {
           replace: {
             creationFee: `${balanceFormat(fees.creationFee)}`
           }
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/index.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/index.tsx
index 172fd9fb21..984991c7ea 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Fees/index.tsx
@@ -141,36 +141,26 @@ class FeeDisplay extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
         {
           hasAvailable
             ? undefined
-            : <div><Icon name='ban' />{t('fees.available', {
-              defaultValue: 'The account does not have the required funds available for this transaction with the current provided values'
-            })}</div>
+            : <div><Icon name='ban' />{t('The account does not have the required funds available for this transaction with the current provided values')}</div>
         }
         {this.renderTransfer()}
         {this.renderProposal()}
         {
           isRemovable && hasAvailable
-            ? <div><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('fees.remove', {
-              defaultValue: 'Submitting this transaction will drop the account balance to below the existential amount, removing the account from the chain state and burning associated funds'
-            })}</div>
+            ? <div><Icon name='warning sign' />{t('Submitting this transaction will drop the account balance to below the existential amount, removing the account from the chain state and burning associated funds')}</div>
             : undefined
         }{
           isReserved
-            ? <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('fees.reserved', {
-              defaultValue: 'This account does have a reserved/locked balance, not taken into account'
-            })}</div>
+            ? <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('This account does have a reserved/locked balance, not taken into account')}</div>
             : undefined
         }
-        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('fees.explain', {
-          defaultValue: 'Fees includes the transaction fee and the per-byte fee'
-        })}</div>
-        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('fees', {
-          defaultValue: 'Fees totalling {{fees}} will be applied to the submission',
+        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('Fees includes the transaction fee and the per-byte fee')}</div>
+        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('Fees totalling {{fees}} will be applied to the submission', {
           replace: {
             fees: balanceFormat(allFees)
           }
         })}</div>
-        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('total', {
-          defaultValue: '{{total}} total transaction amount (fees + value)',
+        <div><Icon name='arrow right' />{t('{{total}} total transaction amount (fees + value)', {
           replace: {
             total: balanceFormat(allTotal)
           }
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Modal.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Modal.tsx
index 9d92cf6b12..7c2f3318d7 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Modal.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Modal.tsx
@@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ class Signer extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             isNegative
             onClick={this.onCancel}
             tabIndex={3}
-            text={t('extrinsic.cancel', {
-              defaultValue: 'Cancel'
-            })}
+            text={t('Cancel')}
           />
           <Button.Or />
           <Button
@@ -125,12 +123,8 @@ class Signer extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             tabIndex={2}
             text={
               currentItem.isUnsigned
-                ? t('extrinsic.unsignedSend', {
-                  defaultValue: 'Submit (no signature)'
-                })
-                : t('extrinsic.signedSend', {
-                  defaultValue: 'Sign and Submit'
-                })
+                ? t('Submit (no signature)')
+                : t('Sign and Submit')
             }
           />
         </Button.Group>
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Transaction.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Transaction.tsx
index 9f689549ca..fe06d09d0f 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Transaction.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Transaction.tsx
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ class Transaction extends React.PureComponent<Props> {
 
     return [
       <Modal.Header key='header'>
-        {t('extrinsic.header', {
-          defaultValue: 'Submit Transaction'
-        })}
+        {t('Submit Transaction')}
       </Modal.Header>,
       <Modal.Content className='ui--signer-Signer-Content' key='content'>
         <div className='ui--signer-Signer-Decoded'>
diff --git a/packages/ui-signer/src/Unlock.tsx b/packages/ui-signer/src/Unlock.tsx
index dea64a85ba..4eb324246a 100644
--- a/packages/ui-signer/src/Unlock.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui-signer/src/Unlock.tsx
@@ -57,9 +57,7 @@ class Unlock extends React.PureComponent<Props, State> {
             autoFocus={autoFocus}
             className='medium'
             isError={isError}
-            label={label || t('unlock.password', {
-              defaultValue: 'unlock account using the password'
-            })}
+            label={label || t('unlock account using the password')}
             onChange={onChange}
             onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
             tabIndex={tabIndex}